Unit 3 · 1861–1901

Union & After

The country split, then came back together. Presidents in this era faced war, freedom for millions of people, and a changing nation.

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  No. 16Abraham Lincoln1861–1865 · RepublicanHe held the Union together, helped end slavery, and paid with his life.
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  No. 17Andrew Johnson1865–1869 · National Union / DemocraticHe took Lincoln's place and fought Congress over how to rebuild the South.
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  No. 18Ulysses S. Grant1869–1877 · RepublicanThe general who won the Civil War enforced the new amendments — while scandals hit his staff.
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  No. 19Rutherford B. Hayes1877–1881 · RepublicanHe entered after a disputed election, served one term, and tried to clean up government hiring.
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  No. 20James A. Garfield1881 · RepublicanA scholar-president whose assassination led to cleaner government hiring.
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  No. 21Chester A. Arthur1881–1885 · RepublicanA machine politician who surprised everyone by cleaning up hiring.
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  No. 22Grover Cleveland1885–1889 · DemocraticThe only president (with Trump) to serve two non-consecutive terms — this is term one.
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  No. 23Benjamin Harrison1889–1893 · RepublicanWilliam Henry Harrison's grandson — six new states joined on his watch.
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  No. 24Grover Cleveland1893–1897 · DemocraticSame man, second number — this time a depression defined the term.
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  No. 25William McKinley1897–1901 · RepublicanHe led a short war that made the U.S. a world power — and was killed at a world's fair.